Comparison Guide
12 min read

Types of Mortgages: Complete Guide to Home Loan Options

Compare all mortgage types and find the perfect loan for your situation. From conventional to government-backed loans, understand the benefits and requirements of each option.

Quick Comparison Overview

FactorConventionalFHAVAUSDAJumbo
Down Payment3-20%3.5%0%0%10-20%
Credit Score620+580+No minimum*640+700+
Mortgage InsurancePMI if <20%RequiredNoneLow feeVaries
Property TypesAll typesPrimary onlyPrimary onlyPrimary onlyAll types
Income LimitsNoneNoneNone115% AMINone

* VA loans have no minimum credit score requirement, but lenders typically require 580+

Detailed Mortgage Type Breakdown

Conventional Loans

Traditional
Down Payment: 3-20%
Credit Score: 620+

Standard loans not insured by government agencies

Benefits

  • Competitive interest rates
  • No upfront mortgage insurance premium
  • Can remove PMI at 20% equity
  • Higher loan limits than government loans
  • Available for primary, secondary, and investment properties

Considerations

  • ×Stricter credit requirements
  • ×Higher down payment for best rates
  • ×PMI required if less than 20% down
  • ×More stringent debt-to-income requirements

Best For

  • Borrowers with good credit (740+)
  • Those who can put 20% down
  • Investment property purchases
  • High-income borrowers
Loan Limits

Up to $766,550 (2024 conforming limit)

Interest Rates

Typically lowest for qualified borrowers

Mortgage Insurance

PMI if <20% down

FHA Loans

Government-Backed
Down Payment: 3.5%
Credit Score: 580+

Insured by Federal Housing Administration

Benefits

  • Low down payment requirement
  • More flexible credit requirements
  • Gift funds allowed for down payment
  • Lower credit scores accepted
  • Assumable loans

Considerations

  • ×Mortgage insurance for life of loan
  • ×Property must meet FHA standards
  • ×Loan limits lower than conventional
  • ×Only for primary residences

Best For

  • First-time home buyers
  • Borrowers with limited savings
  • Those with less-than-perfect credit
  • Lower-income borrowers
Loan Limits

Varies by area, up to $498,257 in low-cost areas

Interest Rates

Competitive, often similar to conventional

Mortgage Insurance

Required for life of loan

VA Loans

Government-Backed
Down Payment: 0%
Credit Score: No minimum (lender dependent)

Available to eligible veterans and service members

Benefits

  • No down payment required
  • No private mortgage insurance
  • Competitive interest rates
  • No prepayment penalties
  • Assumable loans
  • Can be used multiple times

Considerations

  • ×Limited to eligible veterans/service members
  • ×VA funding fee (can be financed)
  • ×Property must meet VA standards
  • ×Only for primary residences

Best For

  • Eligible veterans
  • Active-duty service members
  • National Guard and Reserve members
  • Surviving spouses of veterans
Loan Limits

No limit (based on entitlement)

Interest Rates

Often below conventional rates

Mortgage Insurance

None (VA funding fee applies)

USDA Loans

Government-Backed
Down Payment: 0%
Credit Score: 640+

For eligible rural and suburban areas

Benefits

  • No down payment required
  • Below-market interest rates
  • Low mortgage insurance costs
  • Flexible credit requirements
  • No cash reserves required

Considerations

  • ×Geographic restrictions
  • ×Income limits apply
  • ×Only for primary residences
  • ×Property must meet USDA standards

Best For

  • Rural area home buyers
  • Low to moderate-income borrowers
  • First-time home buyers in eligible areas
  • Those seeking zero down payment
Loan Limits

No set limit (based on area median income)

Interest Rates

Often below market rates

Mortgage Insurance

Low annual fee

Jumbo Loans

Non-Conforming
Down Payment: 10-20%
Credit Score: 700+

For loan amounts exceeding conforming limits

Benefits

  • Finance expensive properties
  • Competitive rates for qualified borrowers
  • Various term options
  • No mortgage insurance with 20% down

Considerations

  • ×Stricter qualification requirements
  • ×Higher down payment required
  • ×More extensive documentation
  • ×Limited lender options

Best For

  • High-income borrowers
  • Luxury home purchases
  • High-cost real estate markets
  • Those with significant assets
Loan Limits

Above $766,550 (varies by area)

Interest Rates

Competitive but slightly higher than conventional

Mortgage Insurance

Varies by lender

Common Loan Term Options

Beyond loan type, you'll need to choose a loan term that affects your monthly payment and total interest paid.

30-Year Fixed

Most popular option with stable payments

Benefits

  • Lower monthly payments
  • Predictable payments
  • More buying power

Drawbacks

  • More interest paid over time
  • Slower equity building

Best For

Most borrowers, especially first-time buyers

15-Year Fixed

Shorter term with higher payments but less interest

Benefits

  • Significant interest savings
  • Faster equity building
  • Lower interest rates

Drawbacks

  • Higher monthly payments
  • Less buying power

Best For

Borrowers with higher income who want to pay off quickly

5/1 ARM

Fixed rate for 5 years, then adjusts annually

Benefits

  • Lower initial rate
  • More buying power initially
  • Good for short-term owners

Drawbacks

  • Rate uncertainty after 5 years
  • Payment can increase
  • Complex terms

Best For

Borrowers planning to move or refinance within 5 years

How to Choose the Right Mortgage Type

Start Here: Your Situation

Military Background?

→ Consider VA loans first (0% down, no PMI)

Rural/Suburban Area?

→ Check USDA loan eligibility (0% down)

Limited Down Payment?

→ FHA loans (3.5% down) or conventional (3% down)

Expensive Market?

→ Jumbo loans for amounts above conforming limits

Decision Factors

Credit Score Impact

• 740+: Best rates on all loan types
• 620-739: Good for conventional, great for government loans
• 580-619: FHA likely your best option
• Under 580: Work on credit improvement first

Down Payment Considerations

• 20%+: Conventional for best rates and no PMI
• 5-19%: Conventional or FHA, compare total costs
• 3-5%: FHA or conventional 3% down programs
• 0%: VA (veterans) or USDA (rural areas)

Common Mortgage Myths Debunked

Myth: You need 20% down to buy a home

Reality: Many loan programs require as little as 0-3.5% down. While 20% down eliminates PMI on conventional loans, it's not required to purchase a home.

Myth: FHA loans are only for first-time buyers

Reality: Anyone who meets the credit and income requirements can use an FHA loan, regardless of whether they've owned a home before.

Myth: VA loans can only be used once

Reality: VA loan benefits can be reused multiple times. Veterans can have multiple VA loans simultaneously or restore their entitlement after paying off a previous VA loan.

Myth: Conventional loans are always better than government loans

Reality: The best loan depends on your situation. Government-backed loans often offer better terms for borrowers with lower credit scores or limited down payments.

Ready to Choose Your Mortgage Type?

Use our calculators to compare payments and costs for different loan types, or explore our detailed guides for specific loan programs.

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